Kindergarten through high school

Topics we cover

Math topics we cover

Kindergarten 29

Counting to 5
Counting to 10
One more and one less
Comparing amounts
Addition to 5
Addition stories to 5
Addition to 10
Addition stories to 10
Subtraction to 5
Subtraction stories to 5
Subtraction to 10
Subtraction stories to 10
Addition and subtraction together
Counting to 20
Teen numbers
Comparing numbers to 20
Counting by tens
Counting to 100
Patterns
Positions
Sorting and classifying
Flat shapes
Sides and corners
Solid shapes
Halves of shapes
Picture graphs
Comparing size
Time of day
Coins

1st grade 31

Counting to 100
Counting to 120
Skip-counting
Comparing numbers to 10
Addition to 10
Addition stories to 10
Subtraction to 10
Subtraction stories to 10
Addition and subtraction to 10
Comparison stories
Addition and subtraction stories
Addition to 20
Addition stories to 20
Subtraction to 20
Subtraction stories to 20
Addition and subtraction to 20
True or false equations
Completing equations
Tens and ones
Comparing numbers to 100
Adding and subtracting tens
Two-digit addition
Measuring length
Telling time to the hour
Days, months, and seasons
Counting coins
Picture graphs
Patterns
Plane shapes
Solid shapes
Halves and fourths

2nd grade 31

Counting to 1,000
Even and odd
Skip-counting and patterns
Number names
Place value to 1,000
Comparing three-digit numbers
Addition facts to 20
Subtraction facts to 20
Addition and subtraction to 20
Two-digit addition
Two-digit subtraction
Two-digit mixed operations
Two-digit word problems
Three-digit addition
Three-digit subtraction
Three-digit mixed operations
Repeated addition
Properties and fact families
Rounding and estimating
Money to a dollar
Adding and subtracting money
Money to $100
Telling time to five minutes
Calendars
Bar graphs and pictographs
Measuring length in inches
Measuring length in centimeters
Shapes and attributes
Solid shapes
Area and perimeter beginnings
Halves, thirds, and fourths

3rd grade 31

Place value
Writing numbers in expanded form
Writing numbers in word form
Rounding numbers
Comparing numbers
Multi-digit addition
Multi-digit subtraction
What multiplication means
Multiplication tables
Multiplying tens
Square numbers
What division means
Division facts
Dividing tens
Divisibility
Properties of operations
Fact families
Understanding fractions
Fraction models and number lines
Equivalent fractions
Comparing fractions
Quadrilaterals
Polygons
Perimeter
Area of rectangles
Area of compound shapes
Line plots
Telling time
Elapsed time
Metric measurement
Customary measurement

4th grade 39

Place value
Writing numbers in expanded form
Writing numbers in word form
Rounding numbers
Comparing numbers
Factors and multiples
Multiplying by one-digit numbers
Multiplying tens
Estimating products
Multiplying by two-digit numbers
Square numbers
Dividing by one-digit numbers
Dividing tens
Estimating quotients
Divisibility rules
Order of operations
Fractions
Fraction models and number lines
Equivalent fractions
Comparing fractions
Mixed numbers
Adding fractions with like denominators
Subtracting fractions with like denominators
Adding mixed numbers
Subtracting mixed numbers
Multiplying fractions and whole numbers
What a decimal is
Fractions and decimals
Comparing decimals
Lines and angles
Triangles
Quadrilaterals
Regular polygons
Lines of symmetry
Perimeter and area
Line plots
Elapsed time
Metric units
Customary units

5th grade 37

Place value
Factors and multiples
Multi-digit multiplication
Estimating products
Dividing by one-digit numbers
Dividing by two-digit numbers
Estimating quotients
Exponents
Order of operations with exponents
Understanding fractions
Equivalent fractions
Comparing fractions
Mixed numbers
Adding fractions with like denominators
Adding fractions with unlike denominators
Subtracting fractions with like denominators
Subtracting fractions with unlike denominators
Adding mixed numbers
Subtracting mixed numbers
Multiplying fractions
Dividing fractions
Fractions as division
Decimal place value
Fractions, decimals, and percents
Adding and subtracting decimals
Multiplying decimals
Dividing decimals
Lines and angles
Triangles
Quadrilaterals
Regular polygons
Area of rectangles
Volume of rectangular prisms
The coordinate plane
Converting units
Line plots with fractions
Frequency tables

6th grade 27

Integers
Comparing rational numbers
Greatest common factor and least common multiple
Long division
Exponents and powers of 10
Order of operations
Dividing fractions
Decimal operations
Percents
Fractions, decimals, and percents
Ratios
Unit rates
Proportions
Writing expressions
Simplifying expressions
Solving equations
Inequalities on a number line
Independent and dependent variables
The coordinate plane
Area of triangles and parallelograms
Surface area
Volume of prisms
Converting units
Mean, median, mode, and range
Mean absolute deviation
Box plots
Dot plots and histograms

7th grade 24

Integers
Integer operations
Decimal operations
Rational numbers
Rational number operations
Exponents and powers of 10
Order of operations
Percents
Ratios
Unit rates
Proportional relationships
Expressions
Solving equations
Independent and dependent variables
Solving inequalities
Circles
Angle relationships
Area of polygons
Surface area
Volume of prisms and pyramids
Cross sections
Triangle inequality
Statistics
Probability

8th grade 24

Integer operations
Rational numbers
Irrational numbers
Properties of exponents
Scientific notation
Square and cube roots
Proportional relationships
Percents
Circles
Angle relationships
The Pythagorean theorem
Transversals and triangles
Transformations
Congruence and similarity
Surface area
Volume of cones, cylinders, and spheres
Expressions
Multi-step equations
Solving inequalities
Linear equations
Systems of equations
Functions
Data displays
Scatter plots

Algebra 1 20

Number operations
Percents
Geometry review
Sequences
Expressions
Solving equations
Solving inequalities
Absolute value equations
Relations and functions
Proportional relationships
Linear functions
Linear inequalities
Systems of equations
Exponents
Scientific notation
Exponential functions
Quadratic equations
Absolute value functions
Piecewise functions
Data and scatter plots

Geometry 16

Lines and distance
Angles
Parallel and perpendicular lines
Triangles
Quadrilaterals
Nets and cross sections
Congruent triangles
Transformations
Symmetry
Similarity
Right triangles
Area
Surface area and volume
Circles
Circles on the coordinate plane
Geometric probability

Algebra 2 38

Function concepts
Linear equations and functions
Linear inequalities
Systems
Two-variable inequalities
Absolute value equations
Absolute value functions
Piecewise functions
Real numbers
Complex numbers
Polynomial operations
Factoring polynomials
Quadratic equations
Linear and quadratic systems
Polynomials
Radical expressions
Radical functions
Rational exponents
Function operations
Inverse functions
Function transformations
Rational functions
Variation
Exponential functions
Logarithms
Logarithmic functions
Exponential and logarithmic equations
Conic sections
Right-triangle trigonometry
The unit circle
Laws of sines and cosines
Trigonometric functions
Trigonometric identities
Sequences
Series
Probability
Statistics
Matrices

Precalculus 24

Functions
Inverse functions
Function transformations
Quadratic functions
Polynomial expressions
Polynomial functions
Rational and radical functions
Rational exponents
Exponential functions
Logarithms
Exponents and logarithms
Systems of equations
Nonlinear inequalities
Matrices
Trigonometry
Trigonometric functions
Trigonometric identities
Conic sections
Complex numbers
Vectors
Sequences and series
Probability
Statistics
Limits and continuity

Calculus 19

Limits
Infinite limits
Limits at infinity
Continuity
The derivative
Differentiation rules
Calculating derivatives
Implicit differentiation
Higher derivatives
Related rates
L'Hospital's rule
First-derivative analysis
Second-derivative analysis
Applications of derivatives
Integrals
The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
Integration techniques
Differential equations
Applications of integration

Language arts topics we cover

Kindergarten 8

Capital letters and full stops
Spaces between words
Naming and sorting words
Putting a story in order
Letter sounds
Rhyming words
Sight words
Listening for who and what

1st grade 10

Complete sentences
Nouns
Action verbs
Questions and statements
Compound words
Words that mean the same
A sentence that tells the topic
Short vowels
Beginning blends
Who is in the story

2nd grade 10

Subjects and predicates
Regular and irregular plurals
Past-tense verbs
Commas in a list
Un- and re-
Using the sentence to find a meaning
The sentence that does not belong
Long vowels
Two-syllable words
Beginning, middle, and end

3rd grade 12

Sentences, fragments, and run-ons
Pronouns
Subject and verb agree
Possessive nouns
Punctuating dialogue
Prefixes and suffixes
There, their, and they're
Topic and concluding sentences
Fact or opinion
Reading longer words
The main idea of a short text
What the text suggests

4th grade 23

Complete sentences
Nouns and possessives
Pronouns
Subject-verb agreement
Verb tense
Adjectives and adverbs
Commas
Capitalization
Prefixes and suffixes
Greek and Latin roots
Synonyms and antonyms
Homophones
Context clues
Putting sentences in order
Topic and concluding sentences
Linking words
Facts, opinions, and reasons
Longer words and affixes
Main idea
Inference and theme
Author's purpose
Characters and story elements
How a text is organized

5th grade 13

Independent and dependent clauses
Pronoun-antecedent agreement
Perfect verb tenses
Commas and introductory phrases
Formatting titles
Greek and Latin roots
Shades of meaning
Idioms from context
Reasons that support a claim
Combining sentences
Theme
A line that supports an idea
Text structures

6th grade 11

Intensive and vague pronouns
Pronoun case
Commas, parentheses, and dashes
Commonly confused words
Greek and Latin roots
Word choice and tone
A claim and a reason
Transitions between ideas
Central idea
Claims in an argument
Narrative point of view

7th grade 9

Phrases and misplaced modifiers
Compound-complex sentences
Coordinate adjectives
Nuance and connotation
Allusions and figures of speech
A reason and a counter
The more precise sentence
Evaluating an argument
Inferences from a text

8th grade 9

Active and passive voice
Verb mood
Ellipsis, dashes, and commas
Academic word parts
Analogies
A thesis and a supporting point
Formal or informal
Irony and allusion
Delineating an argument

9th grade 8

Parallel structure
Semicolons and colons
Restrictive and nonrestrictive clauses
Academic vocabulary
A claim, a reason, and a warrant
Cutting wordiness
Theme in literature
Rhetorical purpose

10th grade 8

Advanced agreement
Misplaced and dangling modifiers
Standard usage
Roots and etymology
Qualifying a claim
The evidence that belongs
Satire and tone
How an argument is built

11th grade 7

Conventions of standard English
Syntax for effect
Diction and connotation
Which sentence belongs in the paragraph
Appeals in an argument
Analyzing rhetoric
Themes across texts

12th grade 7

Grammar as style
Advanced punctuation
Register and audience
A defensible thesis
Integrating a quotation
Irony, satire, and understatement
Purpose and audience

Science topics we cover

Kindergarten 21

Sorting things by shape and colour
Texture and what things are made of
Solids and liquids
Longer, heavier, hotter, faster
Light and shadow
Sounds around us
Pushes and pulls
What a magnet pulls
What animals need to live
How animals use their body parts
What plants need to live
The parts of a plant
Living and non-living things
Young animals and their parents
Where different animals and plants live
Changing a home to suit you
Water, rocks and soil
Describing the weather
Blizzards, tornadoes and hurricanes
The day sky and the night sky
Designing something that works

1st grade 22

Describing an object by its properties
Telling solids from liquids
What heating and cooling do
Comparing length, weight and speed
Light, shadow and see-through things
Sending a message with light or sound
Pushes, pulls and the way things move
Magnets that push and pull
What animals need to survive
Body parts that help an animal
Plant parts and what each one does
Reading an animal life cycle
Living things, non-living things and their young
Habitats around the world
Simple food chains
Changing a habitat to meet a need
Earth materials and natural resources
Weather patterns and kinds of precipitation
Severe weather
Reduce, reuse, recycle
The sky by day and by night
Designing and testing a solution

2nd grade 26

Properties of objects and materials
Solids, liquids and gases
Melting, freezing, evaporating and condensing
Physical and chemical changes
Spotting a mixture
Which way heat flows
Mass, force and how things move
Magnets that attract and repel
Mammals, birds, fish, reptiles and amphibians
Animal life cycles
Body parts and their jobs
Plant parts and flowering plant life cycles
Traits you can observe
Why some animals live in groups
Pollinators and seed spreaders
Producers and consumers in a food chain
Habitats around the world
Sorting rocks and minerals
Water on Earth and bodies of water
Earth's land features
Earthquakes, volcanoes and erosion
Weather, storms and the thermometer
Reduce, reuse, recycle
Units of time and length
Choosing the right measuring tool
Testing designs that stop erosion

3rd grade 31

Properties of objects and materials
Solids, liquids and gases
Changes of state
Physical and chemical changes
Mixtures
Heat flow and temperature change
Balanced and unbalanced forces
Comparing how fast things move
How we see, and how light meets matter
Static electricity and charge
Magnets and the strength of a magnetic pull
Animal groups and backbones
Animal life cycles
Human organs and what they do
Plant parts, and how plants make food
Adaptations for eating, moving and keeping warm
Living in a group
Inherited traits and learned ones
Reading a pedigree chart
Naming and describing an ecosystem
Food chains and food webs
Identifying minerals and rocks
Igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rock
Fossils and what they show
Weather or climate?
Water on Earth and its land features
Earthquakes, volcanoes and erosion
The planets of the solar system
Units of time, length, mass and volume
Reading and comparing thermometers
Comparing design solutions

4th grade 45

Comparing properties of objects and materials
Working out density
Matter is not lost when it changes
Physical and chemical changes
Mixtures
Forms of energy and how energy changes form
Heat flow and thermal energy
Direction, balance and the effect of a force
How mass changes force and acceleration
What gravity is
How we see, and how light meets matter
Amplitude and wavelength
Sending information as a pattern
Electric circuits
Conductors and insulators
Static electricity and charge
Magnets and magnetic strength
Classifying animals from evidence
Common names and scientific names
Human body systems
Animal and plant life cycles
Plant parts, flower parts and how plants make food
Adaptations
The parts of a plant cell and an animal cell
Comparing plant and animal cells
Inherited traits and acquired ones
Reading a pedigree chart
Naming and describing an ecosystem
Food chains and food webs
Natural energy resources
Identifying rocks and minerals
How sedimentary rock and rock layers form
Fossils, and reading them in rock layers
Weather, climate and the difference
The water cycle
Earth's geosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere
Land features and topographic maps
Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
Earth's rotation, day and night
Why we have seasons
The phases of the Moon
Stars, brightness and constellations
The planets of the solar system
Metric and customary units of length, mass and volume
Comparing design solutions

5th grade 47

Comparing properties of substances
Working out density
Conservation of matter
Matter is made of particles
Reading a ball-and-stick model
Counting atoms in a chemical formula
Telling an element from a compound
Melting, freezing, evaporating and condensing
Physical and chemical changes
Energy changing form
Heat flow, temperature and thermal energy
Balanced and unbalanced forces
Mass, force and acceleration
What gravity is
How light travels and meets matter
Amplitude and wavelength
Sending information as a pattern
Electric circuits, conductors and insulators
Magnets and the size of a magnetic force
Classifying animals from evidence
Common names and scientific names
Human body systems
Life cycles of animals, flowers, conifers and ferns
Plant parts, flower parts and how plants make food
Adaptations
The parts of a plant cell and an animal cell
Comparing cells and cell parts
Inherited traits and acquired ones
Reading a pedigree chart
Naming and describing an ecosystem
Food chains and food webs
Natural energy resources
Identifying rocks and minerals
The rock cycle and how rock layers form
Fossils, and reading them in rock layers
Weather, climate and the difference
The water cycle
Earth's geosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere
Land features and topographic maps
Earth's rotation, day and night
Why we have seasons
Moon phases and eclipses
Stars and constellations
The planets and other objects in the solar system
Metric and customary units
Naming laboratory tools
Comparing design solutions

6th grade 51

Density of a substance
Atoms and chemical elements
Metals, non-metals and metalloids on the periodic table
Reading a chemical formula and its model
Elements and compounds
Reactants and products
Counting atoms in a reaction
Energy taken in and given out by a reaction
Speed from distance and time
Reading and drawing a distance-time graph
Newton's laws of motion
How mass changes gravitational force
Kinetic and potential energy
Particle motion, temperature and pressure
Conduction, convection and radiation
Transverse waves, longitudinal waves and sound
Amplitude, wavelength, frequency and energy
The electromagnetic spectrum
Waves that pass through, bounce back or are soaked up
Electric and magnetic fields
Concentration and diffusion
Kingdoms, and whether a thing is alive
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
Cells and the parts inside them
Mitosis and the cell cycle
The chemistry of cellular respiration
How the human body is organised
Genotype, phenotype, dominant and recessive
Punnett squares
Genes, proteins and the genetic code
Natural selection
Comparing the ages of fossils in rock
How plants use and change energy
Flowering plant, conifer, moss and fern life cycles
Populations, communities and ecosystems
Trophic levels and energy pyramids
Symbiosis and other ecological relationships
Biodiversity and the use of natural resources
The rock cycle
Plate tectonics and the layers of the Earth
The carbon cycle and the water cycle
Air masses, atmospheric layers and the greenhouse effect
What makes one climate differ from another
Reading a natural hazard map
The Earth, Sun and Moon system
The structure of the universe
Choosing and abbreviating units
Control groups and variables
Laboratory tools and safety equipment
Planning and reading an investigation
The engineering design process

7th grade 45

Density, mass and volume
The periodic table
Chemical formulas and molecular models
Reactants, products and counting atoms
Energy changes in a reaction
Velocity from distance and time
Distance-time graphs
Newton's three laws
Gravitational force and collisions
Kinetic and potential energy
Particle motion, temperature and pressure
Conduction, convection and radiation
Wave types, and measuring a wave
The electromagnetic spectrum
Electric and magnetic fields
Concentration and diffusion across a membrane
The four biomolecules
Cells, their parts and the cell cycle
Cellular respiration and photosynthesis
Classifying living things
Organisation in the human body
Plant life cycles
Genotype, phenotype, dominant and recessive
Punnett squares and ratios
Probability from a Punnett square
The genetic code and gene mutations
Natural selection and the evidence for evolution
Populations, communities and ecosystems
Trophic levels and energy pyramids
Symbiosis, competition and succession
Biodiversity and natural resource use
The rock cycle and rock layers
Plate tectonics and Earth's layers
The water cycle and the carbon cycle
Air masses, atmospheric layers and the greenhouse effect
What makes one climate differ from another
Natural hazard maps and topographic maps
The Earth, Sun and Moon system
The solar system and the objects in it
Gravity and the structure of the universe
Choosing and abbreviating units
Control groups and variables
Laboratory tools and safety equipment
Reading an experimental protocol
The engineering design process

8th grade 44

Density, mass and volume
The periodic table
Chemical formulas and molecular models
Balancing what goes in against what comes out
Energy changes in a reaction
Velocity, distance and time
Newton's three laws
Gravitational force and collisions
Kinetic and potential energy
Particle motion, temperature and pressure
Conduction, convection and radiation
Wave types, and measuring a wave
The electromagnetic spectrum and signals
Electric and magnetic fields
Concentration and diffusion across a membrane
The four biomolecules
Cells, their parts and the cell cycle
Cellular respiration and photosynthesis
Classifying living things
Organisation in the human body
Plant life cycles
Genotype, phenotype, dominant and recessive
Punnett squares, ratios and probabilities
The genetic code and gene mutations
Natural selection and the evidence for evolution
Populations, communities and ecosystems
Trophic levels and energy pyramids
Symbiosis, competition and succession
Biodiversity and natural resource use
The rock cycle
Plate tectonics and Earth's layers
The water cycle and the carbon cycle
Air masses and the greenhouse effect
What makes one climate differ from another
Natural hazard maps and topographic maps
The Earth, Sun and Moon system
The properties and classes of stars
Describing and classifying galaxies
The structure and origin of the universe
Choosing and abbreviating units
Control groups and variables
Laboratory tools and safety equipment
Reading an experimental protocol
The engineering design process

Biology 28

The chemistry of water
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
Enzymes and the reactions they speed up
Cells and cell theory
The cell membrane and passive transport
Active transport
The chemistry of photosynthesis
Aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration and fermentation
The cell cycle and the phases of mitosis
Meiosis and sexual reproduction
The genetic code and how it is copied
Transcription and translation
Reading a codon table
Gene mutations
Mendel's laws, genotype and phenotype
Punnett squares for Mendelian inheritance
Incomplete dominance, codominance and multiple alleles
Natural selection and the evidence for it
Classifying organisms by domain
Homeostasis and feedback loops
Food webs and energy pyramids
The carbon cycle
Population growth and carrying capacity
Ecological succession and relationships
What changes biodiversity
The parts of a light microscope
Control groups, variables and the question
Designing a biological investigation

Chemistry 28

Significant figures
Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin
Choosing a laboratory tool
Physical and chemical properties of matter
The periodic table and its history
Models of the atom and subatomic particles
Electron configuration
Spectra and the particle nature of light
Periodic trends and ionisation energy
Ionic, covalent and metallic bonding
Naming compounds and writing their formulas
Lewis structures and molecular shape
Intermolecular forces
The mole, and converting between mass and moles
Balancing chemical equations
Classifying a chemical reaction
Stoichiometry and mole ratios
Limiting reactants and percent yield
Boyle's law, Charles's law and the ideal gas law
Molarity, solubility and dilution
Exothermic and endothermic processes
Heating curves and specific heat
The rate of a reaction and what changes it
Equilibrium and Le Chatelier's principle
Acids, bases, and the pH scale
Titration and the pH of a strong acid or base
Radioactive decay and nuclear reactions
Designing a chemical investigation

Physics 24

Significant figures
Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin
Scalars and vectors
Motion in a straight line
Projectile motion
Newton's laws of motion
Momentum, impulse and conservation
Work, energy and power
Circular motion and centripetal force
Universal gravitation and orbital motion
The laws of thermodynamics
Simple harmonic motion
Waves, and waves on a string
Sound waves and sound intensity
Electromagnetic waves
Reflection and refraction
Coulomb's law and electrostatic force
Ohm's law and circuit diagrams
Analysing a circuit with Kirchhoff's laws
Magnets and magnetic fields
Magnetic force on a charge and on a wire
Nuclear reactions and spectra
Variables and the experimental question
Designing a physics investigation